面白いのは、この船が発見された方法です。カローラの町に住むレイさんはほぼ毎日海岸を金属探知機をもって歩いていたそうです。彼は海岸の漂着物採集が趣味で今までにも数々の遺物を見つけています。しかし、今回発見されたものは沈没船の一部でした。去年から海岸の浸食が激しくなり砂浜の砂が流されていたそうで、このために３５０年ほど眠っていた船が砂浜から発見できたそうです。以前からその周辺には特に古い遺物が見つかることがあったようです。レイさんはこの発見の重要性を知り、考古学者などに連絡をとり、保存などが検討されているそうです。もし、彼が誰にも連絡をしなかったらこの沈没船はどうなっていたのでしょうか？

写真を見る限りどこにでもある砂浜で海水浴客でにぎわったりもするような場所なのでしょうか？身近なところでも沈没船が埋まっているかもしれませんね。海岸で陶磁器などが発見できる海岸は日本にもたくさんありますが、もしかしたら海岸の底には沈没船があるのかも？そう思うとこれからの海水浴シーズンも違った視点で歴史を楽しむこともできるのでは？くれぐれも遺物を発見したら地域の考古学者に連絡を…もしくはお問い合わせまで。

Ray Midgett hunts the Corolla beaches on the Outer Banks of North Carolina almost every day.

“Beachcombing, or metal detecting, or relic hunting is in my blood,” said Midgett, a retired government worker who hits the sand between October and April.

“There are so many shipwrecks up here, it’s just beautiful.”

Midgett drives his pickup truck right onto the beach using the access road near the Currituck Beach Lighthouse. With a metal detector and shovel in tow, he’s uncovered everything from antique coins to wedding rings.

Yet his biggest discovery came in December when he located the remains of a historical shipwreck.

The wreckage, hidden under the sand for centuries, became fully exposed after a winter of brutal Nor’easters, making it the oldest shipwreck found off the coast of North Carolina.

But historians had to act fast to recover the ship, according to Meghan Agresto, site manager of the Currituck Beach Lighthouse.

“This winter, it just got smacked. After awhile the ocean was going to take it back,” Agresto said. “The fact that we got it off the beach makes us excited because we got to save it.”

Midgett and other beachcombers had discovered a number of relics near the shipwreck’s beach grave site, including coins believed to be from the reign of Louis XIII in France and Charles I in England, lead bale seals used for identification, and spoons dating to the mid-1600s.

Midgett said he feels a personal connection to the discovery.

“This shipwreck is a part of me, and some of the other hunters, too, that have been hunting around it for years,” Midgett said. “I’m just so glad that they decided to save it.”

The rough currents and shallow sand bars off North Carolina’s Outer Banks have destroyed thousands of ships in what is sometimes called the “Graveyard of the Atlantic.”

However, it is rare to find the remains of a shipwreck — particularly a wooden vessel — intact.

Throughout winter, the Corolla beach shipwreck would repeatedly get uncovered and covered again. The waves would also move it along the coastline, causing damage.

“I’m glad we got to it when we did. … It may have covered back up and survived another summer,” Midgett said.

“But next winter it would have been the same thing over and it eventually would have gone to pieces.”

Midgett, who used to work as a government auditor, wanted to make sure his discovery was salvaged, so he personally lobbied North Carolina state Sen. Marc Basnight. After numerous phone calls and e-mails appealing to Basnight, a beach lover himself, he was successful.

In April, volunteers from the Wildlife Resources Commission, Underwater Archaeology Branch, the Corolla Fire Department and area residents helped free the wreck from the sand and tow it near the lighthouse.

Archaeologists originally thought the wreck could be the HMS Swift, a British Navy ship from the late 17th century that originally ran around in the southern Chesapeake Bay off Virginia’s coast.

The HMS Swift drifted to the Outer Banks, where it was looted once it hit shore, then disabled by the looters so it wouldn’t resurface.

After further examination of the ship’s 12-ton skeleton — complete with wooden peg fasteners — archaeologists determined that it was not the HMS Swift, but most likely a merchant’s ship dating to the mid- to late-1600s.

That makes it the oldest shipwreck found along the state’s coast.

“History is the one thing we have that has a reasonable amount of certainty attached to it,” said Joseph Schwarzer, director of North Carolina Maritime Museums. “It tells us where we’ve been, it tells us what’s happening, and it’s a directional sign for where you need to go next.”

Before the Corolla Beach discovery, the oldest shipwreck found along the state’s coast was Queen Anne’s Revenge, the presumed flagship of Blackbeard the pirate said to have run aground in 1718, according to the North Carolina Maritime Museums.

The remains of the Corolla Beach wreck and some of its artifacts will be moved to the Graveyard of the Atlantic Museum on Hatteras Island, North Carolina.

Midgett and the other beachcombers are entitled to keep the coins and other artifacts found near the ship they discovered.

“It’s very exciting to find something from this time period,” said Richard Lawrence, director of the North Carolina Underwater Archaeology Branch for the Department of Cultural Resources.

“And amazingly we found it in this beach environment. It appears this wreck has been sitting here for 350 years almost undisturbed until this winter.”

Lawrence said the discovery would never have happened without Midgett.

“Ray Midgett was probably more responsible than anybody to get this wreck off the beach,” Lawrence said. “He created enough of a stir to get various organizations involved.

“Thankfully, Ray and his colleagues collected various artifacts that would have otherwise not survived.”

この人骨は水中洞窟の中から発見されたそうです。水深約１５ｍの地点ですが、当時は海底面が低かったので陸だったそうです。彼女は東南アジアか北アジア系に骨格の特徴が似ているそうです。

Deep inside an underwater cave in Mexico, archaeologists may have discovered the oldest human skeleton ever found in the Americas.

Dubbed Eva de Naharon, or Eve of Naharon, the female skeleton has been dated at 13,600 years old. If that age is accurate, the skeleton—along with three others found in underwater caves along the Caribbean coast of the Yucatán Peninsula—could provide new clues to how the Americas were first populated.

The remains have been excavated over the past four years near the town of Tulum, about 80 miles southwest of Cancún, by a team of scientists led by Arturo González, director of the Desert Museum in Saltillo, Mexico (see map of Mexico).

“We don’t now how [the people whose remains were found in the caves] arrived and whether they came from the Atlantic, the jungle, or inside the continent,” González said.

“But we believe these finds are the oldest yet to be found in the Americas and may influence our theories of how the first people arrived.”

In addition to possibly altering the time line of human settlement in the Americas, the remains may cause experts to rethink where the first Americans came from, González added.

Clues from the skeletons’ skulls hint that the people may not be of northern Asian descent, which would contradict the dominant theory of New World settlement. That theory holds that ancient humans first came to North America from northern Asia via a now submerged land bridge across the Bering Sea (see an interactive map of ancient human migration).

“The shape of the skulls has led us to believe that Eva and the others have more of an affinity with people from South Asia than North Asia,” González explained.

Concepción Jiménez, director of physical anthropology at Mexico’s National Institute of Anthropology and History, has viewed the finds and says they may be Mexico’s oldest and most important human remains to date.

“Eva de Naharon has the Paleo-Indian characteristics that make the date seem very plausible,” Jiménez said.

Ancient Floods, Giant Animals

The three other skeletons excavated in the caves have been given a date range of 11,000 to 14,000 years ago, based on radiocarbon dating.

Radiocarbon dating measures the age of organic materials based on their content of the radioactive isotope carbon 14.

According to archaeologist David Anderson of the University of Tennessee, however, minerals in seawater can sometimes alter the carbon 14 content of bones, resulting in inaccurate radiocarbon dating results.

The remains were found some 50 feet (15 meters) below sea level in the caves off Tulum. But at the time Eve of Naharon is believed to have lived there, sea levels were 200 feet (60 meters) lower, and the Yucatán Peninsula was a wide, dry prairie.

The polar ice caps melted dramatically 8,000 to 9,000 years ago, causing sea levels to rise hundreds of feet and submerging the burial grounds of the skeletons. Stalactites and stalagmites then grew around the remains, preventing them from being washed out to sea.

González has also found remains of elephants, giant sloths, and other ancient fauna in the caves.

(Learn more about how caves form.)

Human Migration Theories

If González’s finds do stand up to scientific scrutiny, they will raise many interesting new questions about how the Americas were first peopled.

Many researchers once believed humans entered the New World from Asia as a single group crossing over the Bering Land Bridge no earlier than 13,500 years ago. But that theory is lately being debunked.

Remains found in Monte Verde, Chile, in 1997, for example, point to the presence of people in the Americas at least 12,500 years ago, long before migration would have been possible through the ice-covered Arctic reaches of North America.

(Related: “Clovis People Not First Americans, Study Shows” [February 23, 2007].)

Confirmation of Eve of Naharon’s age could further revolutionize the thinking about the settlement of the Americas.

This September, González will begin excavating the fourth skeleton, known as Chan hol, which he says could be even older than Eve.

The Chan hol remains include more than ten teeth, which will allow researchers to date the specimen and gather information about Chan hol’s diet.

“When we learn more about the [Mexican finds] we’ll be able to better evaluate them,” said Carlos Lorenzo, a researcher at the Universitat Rovira i Virgili in Tarragona, Spain, an expert on the subject who was not involved in the current study.

“But in any case, if it’s confirmed that Eva de Naharon is 13,000 years old, it will be a fantastic and extraordinary finding for understanding the first settlers of America.”

González said he and his team hope to publish the full results of their analysis after the excavation of the fourth skeleton.

“We’re not yet in the phase of research of determining how they arrived,” he said. “But when we have more evidence we may be able to determine that.”