貴重な水中文化遺産の保護のため、アジア地域でINESCOがこれらのトレーニングを開催しています。オーストラリアなどから専門家を招き基礎から実際の沈没船の調査から学んでいきます。タイの考古学者は２００１年のUNESCOの水中文化遺産保護法案が適応されることを願っており、また、カンボジアから参加した考古学者は自国の研究がもっと進むことを願っています。カンボジアはすでに水中文化遺産保護条約を可決し、水中文化遺産の保護を進めています。しかし、沈没船の研究を行っている専門家はまだ少なく、技術や方法論もまだこれから学んでいくことが必要だと語っています。このワークショップに刺激され、参加者は各国で水中文化遺産の保護のためそれぞれ活動を開始する予定でいるそうです。

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Treasures of the deep gain protection (Bangkok Post)

The exploration is part of Unesco’s six-week training on underwater cultural heritage preservation.

The divers are from Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, the Philippines, Sri Lanka and Thailand.

They have been picked for an underwater heritage protection programme organised by the United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation (Unesco) and the Fine Arts Department’s Underwater Archaeology Division (UAD) which runs from Oct 26 to Dec 6.

Division head Erbprem Vatcharangkul said Thailand has 64 underwater archaeological sites. He said all of them, especially those in shallow water, were under threat from treasure hunters.

Protection of the sites required well-trained staff and cooperation from local people, including fishermen.

Other countries in the Asia-Pacific region face similar problems which prompted Unesco to set up the regional field training centre to promote underwater heritage protection in the region and to exchange conservation information.

The centre plans to hold four training courses. The course in Rayong was the first.

Trainees will be taught by experts from Australia, the Netherlands and Thailand.

“The participants will be trained in underwater archaeology protection from basic to advanced levels, both in theory and practice,” Mr Erbprem said.

On the 15th day of the course, the trainees were assigned to dive to a depth of 18 metres to measure the length, width and height of a wooden shipwreck which was found two nautical miles west of Koh Mannok, off Rayong’s Klaeng district.

“The boat structure and some ancient coins which were found at the site could [reveal] the age of the sunken boat which belonged to the early period of King Rama VI [early last century],” he said.

“This shipwreck is another piece of the jigsaw that will help give a clear picture of history.”

The official called on fishermen to help safeguard the archaeological site by stopping their use of destructive fishing practices in the area.

He said the government should also ratify the 2001 Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage for better protection of the country’s underwater heritage from commercial exploitation.

Nudy Phann, 38, deputy director-general of the General Department of Cultural Heritage, Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts in Cambodia, who took part in the training, said he believed his country had several underwater archaeological sites, but only one shipwreck had been discovered so far.

“No one has yet studied the shipwreck,” he said. “We don’t have expertise, equipment, or sufficient knowledge to explore underwater cultural heritage – that is why I am here to attend the training.

“Underwater cultural heritage is new for my country even though we ratified the convention in 2007.

“I am happy to be here and when I go back to my country I plan to set up a team to start surveying shipwrecks.”

Thai trainee Duangpond Kanya Singhasanee, 29, a graduate student from Silpakorn University’s historical archaeology faculty, said the training was extraordinary because participants were allowed to visit sites which were normally hard to reach.

Ms Duangpond is a diving master and had visited several archaeological sites.

“This training has inspired me to work in the field of underwater archaeology,” she said.

この国際法にはまだまだいろいろな問題点がありますが、ひとつのハードルを越えましたので、今後法律の改定などが進む可能性もあります。

詳しくはこちらのニュースを。

Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage will enter into force in January 2009

Twenty States* have now ratified the Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, which therefore will enter into force on 2 January 2009, three months after the deposit of the 20th instrument of acceptance.

“This is a very important step in the history of the safeguarding of cultural heritage,” declared Koïchiro Matsuura, Director-General of UNESCO. “This represents an essential addition to UNESCO’s standard-setting apparatus. From now on, it will be possible to offer legal protection to the historical memory that is in underwater cultural heritage, thus curtailing the growing illicit trade by looters.”

The Convention, adopted in 2001 by UNESCO’s General Conference, aims to ensure more effective safeguarding of submerged shipwrecks and ruins. The international treaty represents the international community’s response to the increased looting and destruction of underwater cultural heritage, which is becoming ever more accessible to treasure hunters.

The 2001 convention is based on four main principles: the obligation to preserve underwater cultural heritage; in situ preservation, i.e. underwater, as a preferred option; no commercial exploitation of this heritage; and cooperation among States to protect this precious legacy, to promote training in underwater archeology, and to raise public awareness of the importance of sunken cultural property. The Convention does not arbitrate ownership claims nor prejudice the jurisdiction or sovereignty of States. The Convention’s Annex establishes rules for activities directed at underwater sites; these rules are widely recognized by archeologists.

The Director-General of UNESCO will convene a meeting of States Parties to the Convention within one year of its entry into force and thereafter at least once every two years. The meeting of States Parties will establish its functions and responsibilities. It may in addition establish a Scientific and Technical Advisory Body composed of experts who will make recommendations on scientific and technical issues.

Underwater cultural heritage is enormously varied and rich. It is estimated that over 3 million shipwrecks are scattered on the ocean floors of the planet. Many sites have been located, including the ruins of the Alexandria lighthouse and Cleopatra’s palace (Egypt), part of ancient Carthage (Tunisia), and Jamaica’s Port Royal, destroyed by an earthquake in 1692. Underwater cultural heritage also includes entire landscapes and rock art caves now at the bottom of the sea.

*Barbados, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Croatia, Cuba, Ecuador, Lebanon, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Lithuania, Mexico, Montenegro, Nigeria, Panama, Paraguay, Portugal, Romania, Saint Lucia, Slovenia, Spain, Ukraine.